Interesting Question About The Heart

1) What is the "thump thump" sound the heart makes caused by?
The "thump thump" of the heart beat is the sound made by the four valves of the heart closing.

2) When does the heart actually start beating?
The heart begins to beat at four weeks after conception and continue to beats till one's death.

3) Does the rate the heart beats differ according to gender?
A woman's heart typically beats faster then a mans. The heart of an average man beats approximately 70 times a minute, whereas a woman's heart beats 78 times a minute.




http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/heart-blood-vessels/how-does-heart-beat.aspx

The Human Heart by Monica and Ashpreet

http://m.youtube.com/#/watch?v=YqOe9fnHLMw&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYqOe9fnHLMw

Lab Exploring pH

Intro:
What is an acid?
Releases H+ ions HCL H2 CO3
What is a base?
Releases OH- ions (or take up H+ ions)
What is a buffer?
A compound that maintains pH by accepting or releasing H+ ions

Exploration Materials:
- HCL
- NaOH
- Unknown A,B,C,D
- Distilled Water
- Litmus Paper
- pH Paper
- Buffer pH 7
- Spot Plate
- Test Tubes

Questions:
1) What do you want to know?
I would like to know if acids and bases react to one another?
2) How can you figure that out?
Mix to representatives of each together and observe the reaction.
It was discovered that acids mixed with bases neutralize each other.

Observation:

Exploration:
Classify, explain how the buffer worked?
Baking soda + vinegar, borax?
A buffer helps prevent the pH of a solution from changing drastically. The weak acid/base and its conjugate acid/base absorb the excess H+ and OH- by creating water and another compound in another in order to minimize changes to the pH order.

Conclusion:
Two questions that have arisen from your experiments; don't need an answer?
1) How does a pH scale work?
2) What do different pH levels of particles actually represent?

Respiration

Inspiration: 
In order for inspiration to occur the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract. First the intercostal muscles contract causing the ribs to elevate and increase the dimension of thoracic cavity. Then the air pressure in the lungs become lower and the air moves into the lungs. In order for the diaphragm to contract the diaphragm moves down.  
Expiration:
The process of expiration occurs when intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax causing the ribs to relax. Then the volume of the thoracic cavity and the pressure in the lungs decreases while air is exhaled. 

What causes the lung to inflate with air?
This process is inflation which is caused when ones chest moves up due to the contraction of the thoracic cavity. Ones lungs inflate with oxygen when you breathe which causes them to expand and your chest expands as well.

Why do they deflate?
 This process is called deflation and is caused when your diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.

What part of the process requires a "muscle contraction' of the diaphragm?
Inhalation 

Vital Capacity

1) My vital capacity turned out to be 2.4 on my second try; on my first attempt it was 1.8 however that many have happened because I was kind of confused as to what to do. While comparing my vital capacity to the people close to me I noticed that people that were taller tended to have a higher vital capacity. For example Monica who is much taller then me had a vital capacity of 3.2 while Brianna who is very close to my height had a vital capacity of 2.4, which is the same as mine. I also realized that the boys had a much higher vital capacity all together when compared to the girls. Therefore I think that a human's vital capacity depends on age, sex, height, and weight. The highest and lowest vital capacities are they way they are because it varies person to person and depends on how much air they can exhale in one breath. 

2) In an average usual breath there is 500 ml or half a litre of air. Our breaths are the volume that they are because of how healthy our lungs are and because our lungs tend to adapt to to how much air we need on a daily basis.

3) The mechanisms of forcefully exhaling is different from usual exhalation because it uses more muscle while blowing the air of our bodies. During forced exhalation, as when blowing out a candle, expiratory muscles including the abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles generate abdominal and thoracic pressure, which forces air out of the lungs. Practice at this via exercise/instrument playing/singing because you can manage and control your breathing more.